Malaysias bond market imploded in 1998. The problems began when the banks began helping each other out by providing guarantees on bonds, without stress-testing the impact of the contingent liabilities they were taking on their balance sheet. Then the financial crisis hit. A number of companies defaulted on their short-term and long-term papers. Smaller banks began defaulting, too, when they realized that they would blow a massive hole in their capital if they tried to meet their guarantees. Everyone ran for cover. Banks started calling in their credit facilities; those holding papers started selling. The net effect: a frozen market that Malaysias regulators had to fix while simultaneously administering to a cashflow crisis among the banks and conglomerates.